ABSTRACT
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) represents an immune-mediated condition characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia due to the production of autoantibodies directed at human thrombocytes with a subsequent decrease in the platelet count below 100, 000 platelets/mmc. Microbial pathogens have emerged as key players in the development of ITP and are frequently listed as causes in the development of secondary ITP in adults, alongside autoimmune disorders, immune deficits, blood cancers, and others. This chapter briefly reviews the role of Helicobacter pylori, HIV, HCV, HBV, and SARS-CoV-2 (the viral agent responsible for the development of COVID-19) in the pathogenesis and management of ITP. In addition, the role of the gut microbiota and post-vaccination ITP is discussed. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.